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[Music]

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you've always asked how the people go to

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the loo and dresses like this and

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there's an answer thank you

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this is a fourth aloof it's an amazing

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invention secret chamber pot so what you

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do is you slip under here and nobody

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knows what I'm doing

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perhaps feels a lot better morning I'm

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dr. Lucy Worsley she curator at historic

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royal palaces based here at Hampton

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Court not a daily office as a historian

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though I'm fascinated not just by grand

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palaces but also by the more intimate

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moments of object in history and by how

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they inform our<font color="

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exciting it's exciting in this series

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I'll be treating the story of British

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domestic life through four rooms the

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bathroom the bedroom<font color="

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the kitchen from the homes of the Middle

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Ages to the present day I'll be

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exploring the ways that our attitudes

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and habits have changed I'll be meeting

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some extraordinary people<font color="

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doing some lover odd things

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this time from rebuilding Britain's

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first flushing toilet I just can't

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believe this is going to go right first

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time to taking a Victorian ladies bar

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I'll be discovering how the bathroom has

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developed<font color="

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years so in the Victorian age who

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becomes to do

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[Music]

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you

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in our modern houses we take so much for

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granted all that comfort privacy and

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technology that<font color="

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yet all these things have taken

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centuries to develop in every room in

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the house has its own fascinating story

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this time I'll be exploring the history

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<font color="

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the longest to evolve yet the one we now

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consider to be the most essential in the

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house this is a very desirable bathroom

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with the power shower and the double

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sinks and<font color="

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water on tap and round that allude to

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flush everything away but it's

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extraordinary when you consider that

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fifty years ago many houses didn't even

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house plumbed in<font color="

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years before that the bathroom is a

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specialized room didn't even exist so

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how did all this technology come to be

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developed and without it how did people

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keep themselves clean

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[Music]

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my story starts in medieval<font color="

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today we think of bathrooms as intensely

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private places but in the Middle Ages

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everything from washing and grooming to

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going to the toilets took place in

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<font color="

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no functioning medieval bath houses

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exist in Britain today so I come to

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these modern baths in London's East End

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to have a steam bath with my fellow

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historian Sally Dixon Smith I've got the

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<font color="

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smelly and they never washed but I think

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I'm wrong answer you are it's very

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widely held misconception I think

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because of<font color="

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and the Stewart's are very smelly and

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medieval people must have absolutely

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stunk to high heaven but it's not the

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case all houses were very common in

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medieval cities and people would go

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quite regularly<font color="

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had been established by medieval night

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after years fighting the Crusades in the

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east they returned home not only with

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citrus fruits and spices but also with a

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tastes of steam<font color="

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years after Britain's Roman bastards

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fallen into ruin bath houses were now

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built in every city there were various

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ways of creating steam you could heat up

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rocks or heat up tiles and ceramics in

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the fire and<font color="

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them or plunge them into water to heat

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the water

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you could also pipe in steam from baked

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houses nearby from their ovens in order

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to warm up the steam house and people

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would also put sort of spices and herbs

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in the water to give a lovely smell and

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be<font color="

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all it must be a lovely experience and

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most surprisingly of all bathing was

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mixed men and women in there together

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<font color="

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business people were meeting people who

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weren't their husband or wife but you do

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get that implication you get that quite

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a lot in literature that it's something

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that husbands fear is that their wives

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are<font color="

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meet their lovers but who knows that's

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literature you know Lancelot always

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seems to get propositioned whenever he

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has a bath but then lots lots kind of

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James

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James Bond always gets proposition when

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every other<font color="

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scuse as they were called you could have

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your haircuts listen to music get a

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shave or eat a meal and they were so

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popular that they were soon licensed not

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just for bathing a Bishop of Winchester

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for instance<font color="

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houses and licensed prostitution

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essentially and so some of the some of

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the women working about dark houses were

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known as wagtails the bishops wagtails

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and this may be the origin of why people

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why women can be referred<font color="

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today but you would have been very

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respectful in the bathhouse because you

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have your hair covered oh and although

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there was a great sense of nudity or but

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<font color="

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should still keep their hair covered

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because that was particularly sort of

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private and sexual and so only

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prostitutes would have their hair down

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like valium so today you're very

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indiscreet<font color="

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England were quite surprisingly clean

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bathing keeping their houses clean in

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fact in towns if you didn't keep your

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house key you could be shut up before a

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course of nuisance and given the

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<font color="

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to do a better job if smells and your

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property offended anybody else but both

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houses did fall out of fashion by the

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junipers they just became too much

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associated<font color="

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existed that they were now in the

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Spaniards and banning turning to

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bordello

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but it wasn't only bathing that was a

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mixed communal activity in medieval

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London on the river just near the bath

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houses were also<font color="

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on the mobs and London Bridge but this

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picture shows its predecessor the

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ancient London Bridge you think it's

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covered with houses there are hundred

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thirty-eight houses on the bridge and

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they have their own communal toilet it's

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very famous<font color="

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toilets it was used by the residents and

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also by travelers arriving into the city

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and you can see how sensible it was to

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put the toilet on the groom all the ways

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could pull straight<font color="

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away by the river all of London to

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others we use sinister and with no model

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loo paper they have some interesting

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alternative we mean search that's a very

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important question<font color="

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their rotten personally the legacy of

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the ruins are alive and well the sponge

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on the sixth of the highest synthesis

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<font color="

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also a book of instructions to enable

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household recommends that the master use

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a piece of linen for blankets also clean

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and convenient and comfortable lower

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<font color="

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what you could find this is off with

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straw lead that sort of thing and if

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that wasn't available there's one more

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alternative

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by the end of the Middle Ages Britain's

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love affair<font color="

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coming to an end by the end of the

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sixteenth century

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bathing had fallen out of fashion people

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just weren't washing like they had done

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in the medieval period there are a

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couple of reasons for this firstly it

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was quite<font color="

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crowded to the circuits secondly there

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was a medical reason there was this new

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idea that sickness could be transmitted

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through the air called miasma and if you

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<font color="

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were opening up this would make you

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vulnerable to disease air carrying bad

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stuff will go in through your skin

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succeeding had become danger the plague

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arrived seven times in two hundred years

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it kills 20% of the population and

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killed off bathing as well<font color="

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the ape shuts Britain's bath houses so

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good now with no recourse to bathrooms

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of any kind the Tudors came up with new

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theories on how to keep clean

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instead of bathing the Tudors put their

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faith in<font color="

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under clothes

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they thought that linen worn next to the

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skin was soaked up the sweat and the

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toxins on the bodies so instead of

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washing themselves they washed their

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<font color="

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have been like to wash linen without the

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modern washing machine I've come to the

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Weald and down and Museum in West

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Suffolk to experience the typical Tudor

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wash days with historians Kathy

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Flowerbomb and<font color="

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like a horse oh they're making a sort of

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a filtering drainage system um it's

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really you'd be doing this a week the

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first step in the process was to make a

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soap called<font color="

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method it was made by filtering water

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through a SRAM the fire Thank You Daisy

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people see it starting to interest oh

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yeah<font color="

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straw in a bucket tom is getting

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stronger and stronger

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it was then boiled down with mutton fat

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and mixed with herbs to make a

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sweet-smelling detergent actual soap

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that I would recognize and that's what

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Kathy's using over here

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so you're rubbing that directly onto the

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bits a really dirty bit of elbow

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grace necessary lots of evergreen SSS

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after being soaked in lye and scrub

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through<font color="

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with a bat called a beetle imagine doing

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this all day you would be really and you

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really need strong muscles to do this it

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is quite fun and physical now how these

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things the origin I'm from<font color="

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the kids who are running around the

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playground mortals and the boss yes

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those women invented quickest day

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whereas the outer clothes were never

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washed<font color="

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it was a female dominated activity the

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tudor men could still make one vital

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contribution looking for a man can I ask

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you a favor

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for centuries women have been doing the

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washing<font color="

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been contributing enough we're hoping

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that you today can contribute some stain

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remover for what go for it and do your

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GP

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ah<font color="

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washing thank you

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so while we're pouring blinds urine onto

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the sheet well it's the best thing to

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whiten things and also if you've got

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really stubborn stains grease<font color="

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anything like that that is by far that

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the stain remover there ever was after

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soaking the linen in urine for two days

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they gave it a good rinse then spun it

280
00:12:08,430 --> 00:12:10,470
on a ringing post to an analyst spin

281
00:12:10,470 --> 00:12:13,110
cycle<font color="

282
00:12:13,110 --> 00:12:15,270
see how Reggie has to get the wet works

283
00:12:15,270 --> 00:12:17,670
then hung it out on Hawthorne hedges or

284
00:12:17,670 --> 00:12:20,190
rosemary bushes to dry Hawthorne is just

285
00:12:20,190 --> 00:12:22,200
perfect for this because the little

286
00:12:22,200 --> 00:12:23,610
prickles come through and all this in

287
00:12:23,610 --> 00:12:24,600
place absolutely

288
00:12:24,600 --> 00:12:27,960
certainly totally we've just done

289
00:12:27,960 --> 00:12:29,640
everything<font color="

290
00:12:29,640 --> 00:12:31,890
does really we soaked the clothes we

291
00:12:31,890 --> 00:12:35,250
added the detergent we agitated it and

292
00:12:35,250 --> 00:12:38,430
then we rinsed it only son it out that

293
00:12:38,430 --> 00:12:40,680
we only really washed one sheet and it

294
00:12:40,680 --> 00:12:43,950
took nearly all morning it's quite a lot

295
00:12:43,950 --> 00:12:47,310
of<font color="

296
00:12:47,310 --> 00:12:49,950
learnt is that it shows that also we

297
00:12:49,950 --> 00:12:52,740
think to the people were dirty

298
00:12:52,740 --> 00:12:54,630
it isn't really didn't washed it is a

299
00:12:54,630 --> 00:12:57,150
it's a misconception they put a huge

300
00:12:57,150 --> 00:12:59,340
amount<font color="

301
00:12:59,340 --> 00:13:00,630
amount of effort into making sure

302
00:13:00,630 --> 00:13:03,450
everyone had clean white linen Tudor

303
00:13:03,450 --> 00:13:05,700
England there are three levels of toilet

304
00:13:05,700 --> 00:13:08,100
<font color="

305
00:13:08,100 --> 00:13:10,590
Great Houses of evening next with

306
00:13:10,590 --> 00:13:12,690
chamber pods his contents were often

307
00:13:12,690 --> 00:13:15,030
thrown into the street and the rich used

308
00:13:15,030 --> 00:13:17,670
clothes tools velvet padded chairs with

309
00:13:17,670 --> 00:13:19,380
a pot inside which was carried away<font color="

310
00:13:19,380 --> 00:13:21,780
cleaned out by the servants Elizabeth

311
00:13:21,780 --> 00:13:23,760
the first even had her own stool

312
00:13:23,760 --> 00:13:25,950
carriage that followed her wherever she

313
00:13:25,950 --> 00:13:27,470
went

314
00:13:27,470 --> 00:13:30,140
but all of a sudden in 1596 a

315
00:13:30,140 --> 00:13:32,390
revolutionary new invention arrived

316
00:13:32,390 --> 00:13:36,020
Britain's first flushing toilet it was a

317
00:13:36,020 --> 00:13:38,480
device so ahead<font color="

318
00:13:38,480 --> 00:13:41,870
inventor instant fame intrigued to know

319
00:13:41,870 --> 00:13:43,850
how it works I've come to a modern

320
00:13:43,850 --> 00:13:46,490
plumbers workshop in order to rebuild it

321
00:13:46,490 --> 00:13:48,770
using the original 16th century

322
00:13:48,770 --> 00:13:52,850
instructions<font color="

323
00:13:52,850 --> 00:13:55,610
used the tank which is now nowadays as a

324
00:13:55,610 --> 00:13:57,920
toilet system got one of those at home I

325
00:13:57,920 --> 00:13:59,540
recognize that but I didn't have fish in

326
00:13:59,540 --> 00:13:59,960
mine

327
00:13:59,960 --> 00:14:01,760
no no<font color="

328
00:14:01,760 --> 00:14:04,130
want it was invented by the poet Sir

329
00:14:04,130 --> 00:14:06,440
John Harington godson to Elizabeth the

330
00:14:06,440 --> 00:14:08,840
first and so impressed the Queen that it

331
00:14:08,840 --> 00:14:10,790
was installed in Richmond palace

332
00:14:10,790 --> 00:14:13,640
Sir John wrote a book describing how to

333
00:14:13,640 --> 00:14:16,640
make your worst<font color="

334
00:14:16,640 --> 00:14:18,680
best chamber and called it the

335
00:14:18,680 --> 00:14:21,140
metamorphosis of Ajax

336
00:14:21,140 --> 00:14:23,690
a pun on the Tudor word for a toilet a

337
00:14:23,690 --> 00:14:28,370
jig filtered water from the palace well

338
00:14:28,370 --> 00:14:31,130
it flushed into<font color="

339
00:14:31,130 --> 00:14:32,930
was cleaned out once a month by boys

340
00:14:32,930 --> 00:14:35,810
called gongs Kara's in that time that's

341
00:14:35,810 --> 00:14:38,150
roughly equivalent of the suet yes sure

342
00:14:38,150 --> 00:14:40,670
our septic tank forever the toilets had

343
00:14:40,670 --> 00:14:43,010
two valves one<font color="

344
00:14:43,010 --> 00:14:45,170
into the toilet bowl the other to

345
00:14:45,170 --> 00:14:47,930
release it into the cess pit and to save

346
00:14:47,930 --> 00:14:50,810
precious water a key was fitted so that

347
00:14:50,810 --> 00:14:52,880
only the key holder could release the

348
00:14:52,880 --> 00:14:56,600
flush<font color="

349
00:14:56,600 --> 00:14:58,760
it I can see how all this all sort of

350
00:14:58,760 --> 00:15:00,680
might come together it seems quite

351
00:15:00,680 --> 00:15:01,370
clever

352
00:15:01,370 --> 00:15:03,740
is it still how the toilet works today

353
00:15:03,740 --> 00:15:05,780
the essentials are exactly the same as

354
00:15:05,780 --> 00:15:08,750
this thing the same idea is what we use

355
00:15:08,750 --> 00:15:12,610
<font color="

356
00:15:13,540 --> 00:15:16,300
after soldiering and fixing the flush

357
00:15:16,300 --> 00:15:18,490
pipes into place we're finally ready to

358
00:15:18,490 --> 00:15:21,520
test our contraption I just can't

359
00:15:21,520 --> 00:15:23,620
believe this is going to go right first

360
00:15:23,620 --> 00:15:25,120
time<font color="

361
00:15:25,120 --> 00:15:27,910
disaster here I think mas suggest we

362
00:15:27,910 --> 00:15:31,200
fill up and give it a try

363
00:15:35,709 --> 00:15:40,779
it's looking a little bit nice but it's

364
00:15:40,779 --> 00:15:43,019
going to work Syria I'm a pityingly

365
00:15:43,019 --> 00:15:45,999
tomorrow we<font color="

366
00:15:45,999 --> 00:15:47,589
they were brand new a little be some

367
00:15:47,589 --> 00:15:49,990
fruits so it has only just caught on so

368
00:15:49,990 --> 00:15:55,629
it seems appropriate for us Hey look at

369
00:15:55,629 --> 00:15:58,499
that<font color="

370
00:15:58,499 --> 00:16:02,129
shall we do the bottom

371
00:16:05,999 --> 00:16:08,829
see if you have all they all $1 yeah

372
00:16:08,829 --> 00:16:10,749
well we're with that Frank didn't hold

373
00:16:10,749 --> 00:16:14,410
<font color="

374
00:16:14,410 --> 00:16:16,179
main thing is that the Somalis made its

375
00:16:16,179 --> 00:16:18,730
way beautifully down into the into the

376
00:16:18,730 --> 00:16:21,220
sisters I'm amazed Lizzie were kind the

377
00:16:21,220 --> 00:16:23,379
floors just beautiful pubs it's actually

378
00:16:23,379 --> 00:16:24,670
<font color="

379
00:16:24,670 --> 00:16:27,249
house was smooth good effort good the

380
00:16:27,249 --> 00:16:29,619
same way but despite its revolutionary

381
00:16:29,619 --> 00:16:32,170
design the Ajax is too early for its

382
00:16:32,170 --> 00:16:34,569
time and it wouldn't really r4 another

383
00:16:34,569 --> 00:16:37,209
<font color="

384
00:16:37,209 --> 00:16:39,160
that once the flushing toilet has been

385
00:16:39,160 --> 00:16:41,620
invented it doesn't catch on but there's

386
00:16:41,620 --> 00:16:43,269
a couple of very good reasons for this

387
00:16:43,269 --> 00:16:45,939
firstly it smells it still smells

388
00:16:45,939 --> 00:16:47,559
there's nothing to stop the bad smell

389
00:16:47,559 --> 00:16:49,420
coming out<font color="

390
00:16:49,420 --> 00:16:52,149
who's using the toilet and secondly it's

391
00:16:52,149 --> 00:16:54,490
fixed it's a great big structure the

392
00:16:54,490 --> 00:16:56,529
Queen doesn't want that to go to the

393
00:16:56,529 --> 00:16:59,350
toilet she wasn't order to go to her so

394
00:16:59,350 --> 00:17:01,389
that's why the closed tool remains more

395
00:17:01,389 --> 00:17:03,309
popular as long as you've got<font color="

396
00:17:03,309 --> 00:17:05,980
empty it for you then flushing is just a

397
00:17:05,980 --> 00:17:08,770
bit of a gimmick but whatever method the

398
00:17:08,770 --> 00:17:10,569
Elizabethans used to relieve themselves

399
00:17:10,569 --> 00:17:12,760
there was always the question of what to

400
00:17:12,760 --> 00:17:15,609
<font color="

401
00:17:15,609 --> 00:17:17,439
cesspits which were cleaned out by

402
00:17:17,439 --> 00:17:19,569
knights oil men and the waste was used

403
00:17:19,569 --> 00:17:22,119
for compost on market gardens but this

404
00:17:22,119 --> 00:17:24,609
cost a shilling a week many Londoners

405
00:17:24,609 --> 00:17:26,859
dumped their waste directly into the

406
00:17:26,859 --> 00:17:29,380
rivers instead to supply London with

407
00:17:29,380 --> 00:17:31,870
cleaner water<font color="

408
00:17:31,870 --> 00:17:34,450
solution was needed when we turn on our

409
00:17:34,450 --> 00:17:36,650
taps in our modern bathrooms

410
00:17:36,650 --> 00:17:38,300
fresh clean water comes out it is

411
00:17:38,300 --> 00:17:40,970
something of a miracle a huge amount of

412
00:17:40,970 --> 00:17:42,770
plumbing<font color="

413
00:17:42,770 --> 00:17:44,870
possible the beginnings of this

414
00:17:44,870 --> 00:17:46,640
infrastructure were laid in late

415
00:17:46,640 --> 00:17:48,860
Elizabethan London it was a crowded

416
00:17:48,860 --> 00:17:51,740
smelly dirty city its rivers were

417
00:17:51,740 --> 00:17:54,170
saluted it began to be a priority for

418
00:17:54,170 --> 00:17:56,750
<font color="

419
00:17:56,750 --> 00:18:01,700
the stinky Hemi and that alternative was

420
00:18:01,700 --> 00:18:04,490
called the New River where I've come to

421
00:18:04,490 --> 00:18:08,690
meet the historian David ad said David

422
00:18:08,690 --> 00:18:09,980
did they come up with the idea of n

423
00:18:09,980 --> 00:18:12,980
because in<font color="

424
00:18:12,980 --> 00:18:15,080
started to realize that their sewage and

425
00:18:15,080 --> 00:18:16,700
their drinking water will all mix stuff

426
00:18:16,700 --> 00:18:18,110
together and that this wasn't suggesting

427
00:18:18,110 --> 00:18:21,140
that's absolutely it by the end of Queen

428
00:18:21,140 --> 00:18:23,030
Elizabeth's reign there were 180,000

429
00:18:23,030 --> 00:18:24,770
<font color="

430
00:18:24,770 --> 00:18:26,900
welcome to have proper water supply or

431
00:18:26,900 --> 00:18:29,450
sewage systems built by Sir Hugh

432
00:18:29,450 --> 00:18:32,330
Middleton in 1613 the new river port

433
00:18:32,330 --> 00:18:34,010
water all the way from a spring in

434
00:18:34,010 --> 00:18:34,670
hartfordshire

435
00:18:34,670 --> 00:18:37,370
it took 10 years to build using a single

436
00:18:37,370 --> 00:18:39,470
plow<font color="

437
00:18:39,470 --> 00:18:41,920
quite then let's have a look on your lab

438
00:18:41,920 --> 00:18:44,750
so that's pretty much the full extent of

439
00:18:44,750 --> 00:18:47,210
the new river going all the way down

440
00:18:47,210 --> 00:18:50,960
where does it start source here so it

441
00:18:50,960 --> 00:18:53,570
winds all the way along here<font color="

442
00:18:53,570 --> 00:18:56,510
and then down to green since we park

443
00:18:56,510 --> 00:18:58,460
isn't in the New River head they do you

444
00:18:58,460 --> 00:19:00,800
say that's 40 miles long well as the

445
00:19:00,800 --> 00:19:03,170
crow flies it's less than 20 foot

446
00:19:03,170 --> 00:19:06,170
because<font color="

447
00:19:06,170 --> 00:19:07,730
40 miles when it was first constructed

448
00:19:07,730 --> 00:19:10,280
so what determines its route or what

449
00:19:10,280 --> 00:19:11,810
they were basically trying to do is to

450
00:19:11,810 --> 00:19:14,540
take advantage of gravity so rather than

451
00:19:14,540 --> 00:19:17,120
have the cost of pumping etc etc and

452
00:19:17,120 --> 00:19:18,950
<font color="

453
00:19:18,950 --> 00:19:21,250
followed the hundred foot contour line

454
00:19:21,250 --> 00:19:23,780
that's quite a job as an engineering

455
00:19:23,780 --> 00:19:25,340
feat it's up there with the Channel

456
00:19:25,340 --> 00:19:26,930
Tunnel or the Great Western Railway

457
00:19:26,930 --> 00:19:28,850
isn't it it's actually the extraordinary

458
00:19:28,850 --> 00:19:29,890
yep

459
00:19:29,890 --> 00:19:32,350
the water ended up in reservoirs at

460
00:19:32,350 --> 00:19:34,570
<font color="

461
00:19:34,570 --> 00:19:38,760
into the city through cast wooden pipes

462
00:19:38,760 --> 00:19:41,770
they procured Elm from all the Home

463
00:19:41,770 --> 00:19:43,480
Counties I mean thousands and thousands

464
00:19:43,480 --> 00:19:45,220
of Elms and they bought them by the ton

465
00:19:45,220 --> 00:19:47,530
and they topped them into five foot

466
00:19:47,530 --> 00:19:51,160
lengths and they then bore them out so

467
00:19:51,160 --> 00:19:53,380
these are the strings of<font color="

468
00:19:53,380 --> 00:19:54,820
are particular reason for the choice of

469
00:19:54,820 --> 00:19:58,090
Elm well Elm has fairly unique

470
00:19:58,090 --> 00:19:59,650
properties it's got a sort of twisted

471
00:19:59,650 --> 00:20:03,070
grain so that that meant where the pipes

472
00:20:03,070 --> 00:20:05,470
were exposed to sunlight they were less

473
00:20:05,470 --> 00:20:07,750
likely<font color="

474
00:20:07,750 --> 00:20:09,580
though these pipes are just running

475
00:20:09,580 --> 00:20:11,530
along the top of the road well I meant

476
00:20:11,530 --> 00:20:13,030
going on we have seen that in this

477
00:20:13,030 --> 00:20:15,010
street here our gratefulness<font color="

478
00:20:15,010 --> 00:20:16,270
probably would and there are

479
00:20:16,270 --> 00:20:19,000
descriptions in some streets and squares

480
00:20:19,000 --> 00:20:21,549
in London of as many as nine strings of

481
00:20:21,549 --> 00:20:23,710
these pipes nine quite for one size

482
00:20:23,710 --> 00:20:25,570
incredible that they can screen moves

483
00:20:25,570 --> 00:20:28,750
the character lead pipes called quills

484
00:20:28,750 --> 00:20:30,400
were<font color="

485
00:20:30,400 --> 00:20:33,490
connected to paying customers homes for

486
00:20:33,490 --> 00:20:35,710
the first time fresh hartfordshire water

487
00:20:35,710 --> 00:20:38,049
instead of the dirty Thames could be

488
00:20:38,049 --> 00:20:40,419
used for drinking and washing it costs

489
00:20:40,419 --> 00:20:42,070
twenty four shillings a year the

490
00:20:42,070 --> 00:20:43,540
equivalent of one hundred and sixty

491
00:20:43,540 --> 00:20:46,900
pounds<font color="

492
00:20:46,900 --> 00:20:48,940
system that it was still being used a

493
00:20:48,940 --> 00:21:00,820
hundred years later in Georgian here is

494
00:21:00,820 --> 00:21:03,100
the point at which water finally gets

495
00:21:03,100 --> 00:21:06,010
into the house and it comes in down here

496
00:21:06,010 --> 00:21:08,650
in these underground kitchen basements

497
00:21:08,650 --> 00:21:11,500
<font color="

498
00:21:11,500 --> 00:21:14,049
a tap and not everybody had water every

499
00:21:14,049 --> 00:21:16,090
day different streets have their own

500
00:21:16,090 --> 00:21:18,040
water day when the supply would be

501
00:21:18,040 --> 00:21:20,500
turned on for a couple of hours so when

502
00:21:20,500 --> 00:21:21,910
it<font color="

503
00:21:21,910 --> 00:21:23,200
your pots and pans you filled up

504
00:21:23,200 --> 00:21:25,419
everything you could because one for

505
00:21:25,419 --> 00:21:29,400
today was over that's it till next time

506
00:21:29,400 --> 00:21:32,080
the water was then carried upstairs to

507
00:21:32,080 --> 00:21:34,480
dressing tables set up in the corners of

508
00:21:34,480 --> 00:21:37,150
Georgian bedrooms these<font color="

509
00:21:37,150 --> 00:21:39,429
were like modern bathrooms in miniature

510
00:21:39,429 --> 00:21:42,070
with their trio of jug bowl and washed

511
00:21:42,070 --> 00:21:43,990
and this is where George and men and

512
00:21:43,990 --> 00:21:45,900
women would have had their morning wash

513
00:21:45,900 --> 00:21:48,730
unlike today this was a social event

514
00:21:48,730 --> 00:21:51,429
<font color="

515
00:21:51,429 --> 00:21:53,860
to watch to learn more about the

516
00:21:53,860 --> 00:21:55,950
Georgian twilit I'm meeting historian

517
00:21:55,950 --> 00:21:58,390
Amanda Vickery I think I would be

518
00:21:58,390 --> 00:22:01,360
washing my face enough on my hands any

519
00:22:01,360 --> 00:22:03,760
other body parts I think the extremities

520
00:22:03,760 --> 00:22:05,740
I think the eastern sea I think the face

521
00:22:05,740 --> 00:22:07,660
and hands and sometimes of water is

522
00:22:07,660 --> 00:22:10,630
enough you know no wipe down with linen

523
00:22:10,630 --> 00:22:12,669
because again how much of your body is

524
00:22:12,669 --> 00:22:14,470
going to be seen by the world it's what

525
00:22:14,470 --> 00:22:16,780
protrudes out of your clothes

526
00:22:16,780 --> 00:22:18,309
we call this a basin it is the

527
00:22:18,309 --> 00:22:20,860
forerunner to the modern wash basin that

528
00:22:20,860 --> 00:22:23,020
we have in our bathroom today isn't it

529
00:22:23,020 --> 00:22:24,550
well I suppose this is this is the

530
00:22:24,550 --> 00:22:25,840
beginning of the idea that you're going

531
00:22:25,840 --> 00:22:28,720
to have a sink I mean some servants got

532
00:22:28,720 --> 00:22:31,059
some<font color="

533
00:22:31,059 --> 00:22:33,340
water you know I do like the idea that

534
00:22:33,340 --> 00:22:36,190
the wash basin comes to me I have a go

535
00:22:36,190 --> 00:22:37,929
to the washed face well I even imagine

536
00:22:37,929 --> 00:22:39,669
it's lovely just rolling out of bed and

537
00:22:39,669 --> 00:22:41,919
there it<font color="

538
00:22:41,919 --> 00:22:43,720
to cater for the tastes of an

539
00:22:43,720 --> 00:22:46,330
aspirational middle class new items of

540
00:22:46,330 --> 00:22:49,090
wash we're exploded onto the market for

541
00:22:49,090 --> 00:22:51,340
men's shaving tables to a thoroughly new

542
00:22:51,340 --> 00:22:54,010
invention the bday it didn't really

543
00:22:54,010 --> 00:22:55,780
catch on dinner till they did in France

544
00:22:55,780 --> 00:22:58,210
and<font color="

545
00:22:58,210 --> 00:22:59,559
seems that it's prostitutes and

546
00:22:59,559 --> 00:23:01,870
courtesans in France who really drive on

547
00:23:01,870 --> 00:23:04,690
the fashion for the bday so I love that

548
00:23:04,690 --> 00:23:07,030
idea really that these women who have so

549
00:23:07,030 --> 00:23:08,950
despised were actually at the forefront

550
00:23:08,950 --> 00:23:11,050
<font color="

551
00:23:11,050 --> 00:23:12,640
interest to be as fresh as possible for

552
00:23:12,640 --> 00:23:12,890
them

553
00:23:12,890 --> 00:23:15,740
customer mmm but in England they are

554
00:23:15,740 --> 00:23:17,690
always viewed with great suspicion well

555
00:23:17,690 --> 00:23:19,820
is unsurprising really if it's something

556
00:23:19,820 --> 00:23:21,440
that's deployed by a French prostitute

557
00:23:21,440 --> 00:23:23,690
you can't imagine<font color="

558
00:23:23,690 --> 00:23:26,420
that's the thing for me exposed to the

559
00:23:26,420 --> 00:23:28,670
eyes of visitors a washing station was

560
00:23:28,670 --> 00:23:30,320
also a sign of status

561
00:23:30,320 --> 00:23:32,120
it was crammed with perfume bottles

562
00:23:32,120 --> 00:23:34,880
combs head scratches all the fashionable

563
00:23:34,880 --> 00:23:37,580
accoutrements<font color="

564
00:23:37,580 --> 00:23:38,750
this made it something that kind of

565
00:23:38,750 --> 00:23:41,380
culture Neel around well Chanel was one

566
00:23:41,380 --> 00:23:43,580
ingredient to food and the other thing

567
00:23:43,580 --> 00:23:46,610
you could do just get a red ribbon like

568
00:23:46,610 --> 00:23:48,860
<font color="

569
00:23:48,860 --> 00:23:50,900
could use that tool was allowed to slap

570
00:23:50,900 --> 00:23:52,640
the cheeks myself hahaha

571
00:23:52,640 --> 00:23:55,190
despite access to fresh water the

572
00:23:55,190 --> 00:23:57,290
toilette was more about makeup perfume

573
00:23:57,290 --> 00:24:00,080
and powder more about disguising dirt

574
00:24:00,080 --> 00:24:02,630
than washing<font color="

575
00:24:02,630 --> 00:24:05,540
worse in 1712 Queen Anne imposed attacks

576
00:24:05,540 --> 00:24:08,270
on soap so burdensome that soap became a

577
00:24:08,270 --> 00:24:09,380
luxury item

578
00:24:09,380 --> 00:24:11,780
can you possibly give me half of my wig

579
00:24:11,780 --> 00:24:15,170
<font color="

580
00:24:15,170 --> 00:24:17,180
me a how do you mean be your server

581
00:24:17,180 --> 00:24:19,910
poker I really always think oh I'd love

582
00:24:19,910 --> 00:24:21,290
to go back in the past and I think

583
00:24:21,290 --> 00:24:23,060
they'd marry mr. Darcy but possibly the

584
00:24:23,060 --> 00:24:26,120
<font color="

585
00:24:26,120 --> 00:24:29,830
sticking it on oh well if you want mine

586
00:24:30,100 --> 00:24:32,960
so this is a real treat Amanda if you

587
00:24:32,960 --> 00:24:34,250
want to do it just use the little

588
00:24:34,250 --> 00:24:38,150
fellows where is it now you can't

589
00:24:38,150 --> 00:24:40,720
contain that

590
00:24:41,990 --> 00:24:46,470
[Music]

591
00:24:46,470 --> 00:24:48,700
lots of people think that the 18th

592
00:24:48,700 --> 00:24:50,740
century was<font color="

593
00:24:50,740 --> 00:24:53,110
think it was the age of 40 holder

594
00:24:53,110 --> 00:24:54,820
however we have seen something very

595
00:24:54,820 --> 00:24:56,980
interesting out there that's the surface

596
00:24:56,980 --> 00:24:59,110
of modern bathrooms that little corner

597
00:24:59,110 --> 00:25:01,330
<font color="

598
00:25:01,330 --> 00:25:03,820
a basin fresh water even a little piece

599
00:25:03,820 --> 00:25:06,040
of soup if you could afford it so that's

600
00:25:06,040 --> 00:25:07,810
the first time we've seen part of the

601
00:25:07,810 --> 00:25:10,030
house just<font color="

602
00:25:10,030 --> 00:25:12,250
that corner of the bedroom will go on to

603
00:25:12,250 --> 00:25:17,320
become a whole room of its own even if

604
00:25:17,320 --> 00:25:19,420
the toilette involves more perfume and

605
00:25:19,420 --> 00:25:21,760
powder than water the concepts of

606
00:25:21,760 --> 00:25:24,130
bathing<font color="

607
00:25:24,130 --> 00:25:27,160
first time since the medieval age but

608
00:25:27,160 --> 00:25:28,930
rather than bathing in hot water to

609
00:25:28,930 --> 00:25:31,120
cleanse the body the Georgians

610
00:25:31,120 --> 00:25:33,220
preach the medicinal virtues of cold

611
00:25:33,220 --> 00:25:37,450
water<font color="

612
00:25:37,450 --> 00:25:38,740
doctors are recommending that you

613
00:25:38,740 --> 00:25:41,310
immerse your body into seawater secure

614
00:25:41,310 --> 00:25:43,810
practically anything from constipation

615
00:25:43,810 --> 00:25:46,420
to infertility to what they call

616
00:25:46,420 --> 00:25:49,300
disorders<font color="

617
00:25:49,300 --> 00:25:51,190
fact the creation I like most of all is

618
00:25:51,190 --> 00:25:53,050
the one the doctor who recommends that

619
00:25:53,050 --> 00:25:55,530
you go into cold water because it will

620
00:25:55,530 --> 00:26:01,030
powerfully excite your stupid mind the

621
00:26:01,030 --> 00:26:03,790
<font color="

622
00:26:03,790 --> 00:26:05,290
those people it's like up the courage to

623
00:26:05,290 --> 00:26:07,390
get into it it was recommended they

624
00:26:07,390 --> 00:26:10,210
drink it instead and this peculiar

625
00:26:10,210 --> 00:26:12,490
looking drink is the prescription of dr.

626
00:26:12,490 --> 00:26:15,160
Richard Russell<font color="

627
00:26:15,160 --> 00:26:17,110
absolutely anything if you believe him

628
00:26:17,110 --> 00:26:19,480
is the point of seawater spoils with

629
00:26:19,480 --> 00:26:22,240
milk and cream of tartar and I'm going

630
00:26:22,240 --> 00:26:25,020
<font color="

631
00:26:31,720 --> 00:26:35,750
that takes exactly like bullet and I'd

632
00:26:35,750 --> 00:26:37,279
rather have a swim in the season during

633
00:26:37,279 --> 00:26:38,990
a point of that

634
00:26:38,990 --> 00:26:41,259
[Music]

635
00:26:41,259 --> 00:26:44,809
haha exciting the losers Club I can get

636
00:26:44,809 --> 00:26:47,169
again

637
00:26:48,830 --> 00:26:51,900
[Music]

638
00:26:52,970 --> 00:26:56,159
to preserve their modesty ladies wore

639
00:26:56,159 --> 00:26:58,649
long dresses<font color="

640
00:26:58,649 --> 00:27:00,090
that they wouldn't reveal anything that

641
00:27:00,090 --> 00:27:02,669
shouldn't be seen by gentlemen they were

642
00:27:02,669 --> 00:27:04,649
taken down to the waters in horse-drawn

643
00:27:04,649 --> 00:27:06,720
feeding machines and helped him by

644
00:27:06,720 --> 00:27:08,610
doctors and elderly mittens

645
00:27:08,610 --> 00:27:11,290
<font color="

646
00:27:11,290 --> 00:27:15,450
[Music]

647
00:27:15,450 --> 00:27:15,680
[Applause]

648
00:27:15,680 --> 00:27:22,660
[Music]

649
00:27:25,460 --> 00:27:28,230
lots of clumsy and all one thing please

650
00:27:28,230 --> 00:27:30,870
give us one in case they burst a

651
00:27:30,870 --> 00:27:33,000
blood-vessel say I might be going too

652
00:27:33,000 --> 00:27:35,660
big too quickly around pretty rather

653
00:27:35,660 --> 00:27:38,490
hearings we present it certainly waking

654
00:27:38,490 --> 00:27:38,760
me up

655
00:27:38,760 --> 00:27:43,230
it smelled like drowsy seriously

656
00:27:43,230 --> 00:27:46,830
it's invigorated my design I really

657
00:27:46,830 --> 00:27:48,960
quite enjoy this so I can see why some

658
00:27:48,960 --> 00:27:51,000
Georgian lady for whom she must they

659
00:27:51,000 --> 00:27:56,159
never did it again over the next hundred

660
00:27:56,159 --> 00:27:59,610
years<font color="

661
00:27:59,610 --> 00:28:01,679
now plunge headlong into the greatest

662
00:28:01,679 --> 00:28:03,299
social and economic change in this

663
00:28:03,299 --> 00:28:06,260
history the Industrial Revolution

664
00:28:06,260 --> 00:28:09,149
alongside cotton mills and steam trains

665
00:28:09,149 --> 00:28:11,460
came gas lamps and the first kitchen

666
00:28:11,460 --> 00:28:13,679
range<font color="

667
00:28:13,679 --> 00:28:15,929
transform home and culminate in the

668
00:28:15,929 --> 00:28:19,080
Great Exhibition of 1851 the greatest

669
00:28:19,080 --> 00:28:21,090
showcase for British technology the

670
00:28:21,090 --> 00:28:22,429
world had ever seen

671
00:28:22,429 --> 00:28:25,980
the watchmaker Alexander coming became

672
00:28:25,980 --> 00:28:27,779
the first to reinvent the John

673
00:28:27,779 --> 00:28:31,590
Harrington's Ajax toilet in 1775 but it

674
00:28:31,590 --> 00:28:33,389
was at the Great Exhibition<font color="

675
00:28:33,389 --> 00:28:35,250
masses would not only see new pieces of

676
00:28:35,250 --> 00:28:37,919
bathroom technology but also used the

677
00:28:37,919 --> 00:28:40,620
flushing toilet for the first time the

678
00:28:40,620 --> 00:28:42,240
lack of public toilets had once

679
00:28:42,240 --> 00:28:44,549
restricted women's mobility outside the

680
00:28:44,549 --> 00:28:47,159
home but now the streets of London<font color="

681
00:28:47,159 --> 00:28:50,549
potentially be transformed 51 Bedford

682
00:28:50,549 --> 00:28:51,899
Street is not a well known address but

683
00:28:51,899 --> 00:28:53,639
it's so important in the history of

684
00:28:53,639 --> 00:28:55,799
London it's now a news agents that this

685
00:28:55,799 --> 00:28:58,049
is where the first public toilets for

686
00:28:58,049 --> 00:29:00,659
women were this<font color="

687
00:29:00,659 --> 00:29:03,659
great exhibition of 1851 where over

688
00:29:03,659 --> 00:29:05,909
800,000 people use the public loo and

689
00:29:05,909 --> 00:29:08,309
really impress five unfortunately it

690
00:29:08,309 --> 00:29:09,960
didn't really catch on here there are

691
00:29:09,960 --> 00:29:12,450
two<font color="

692
00:29:12,450 --> 00:29:14,760
ashamed to be seen for using a public

693
00:29:14,760 --> 00:29:16,500
toilet women weren't supposed to go they

694
00:29:16,500 --> 00:29:18,419
also weren't expected to be out on the

695
00:29:18,419 --> 00:29:20,700
streets of the city secondly it was

696
00:29:20,700 --> 00:29:22,710
expensive<font color="

697
00:29:22,710 --> 00:29:24,870
to use the toilet another to to wash

698
00:29:24,870 --> 00:29:27,570
your hands so that's open not exactly

699
00:29:27,570 --> 00:29:30,740
spending a penny is it

700
00:29:31,120 --> 00:29:32,280
[Music]

701
00:29:32,280 --> 00:29:34,410
the public knew didn't catch on

702
00:29:34,410 --> 00:29:36,870
immediately but the flushing toilets did

703
00:29:36,870 --> 00:29:39,300
and the main beneficiary of this new

704
00:29:39,300 --> 00:29:41,670
revolution was not a person but a<font color="

705
00:29:41,670 --> 00:29:43,170
stoke-on-trent

706
00:29:43,170 --> 00:29:45,240
a regional hub of the Industrial

707
00:29:45,240 --> 00:29:47,430
Revolution it was here in the kilns of

708
00:29:47,430 --> 00:29:49,500
its potteries that the world's toilets

709
00:29:49,500 --> 00:29:52,710
would be made in a gallery devoted

710
00:29:52,710 --> 00:29:55,320
entirely to the<font color="

711
00:29:55,320 --> 00:29:57,900
Angela Lee a curator who knows more

712
00:29:57,900 --> 00:30:01,160
about toilets than anyone else on earth

713
00:30:01,160 --> 00:30:04,080
so stoke-on-trent it's really the toilet

714
00:30:04,080 --> 00:30:06,270
capital of the world isn't it I've never

715
00:30:06,270 --> 00:30:08,760
seen so many different toilets before is

716
00:30:08,760 --> 00:30:10,860
<font color="

717
00:30:10,860 --> 00:30:14,190
whole world area this museum is filled

718
00:30:14,190 --> 00:30:16,560
with hundreds of toilets all of which

719
00:30:16,560 --> 00:30:18,510
were patented by a number of competing

720
00:30:18,510 --> 00:30:21,660
Victorian inventors the most famous of

721
00:30:21,660 --> 00:30:23,220
them all was Thomas Crapper

722
00:30:23,220 --> 00:30:25,530
<font color="

723
00:30:25,530 --> 00:30:28,110
sole inventor of the flushing loop it

724
00:30:28,110 --> 00:30:29,880
would be great if you could explain for

725
00:30:29,880 --> 00:30:32,790
me the myth of Thomas Crapper Thomas

726
00:30:32,790 --> 00:30:33,210
Crapper

727
00:30:33,210 --> 00:30:36,150
is important in sanitation history but

728
00:30:36,150 --> 00:30:37,560
not for the reasons that people think

729
00:30:37,560 --> 00:30:39,780
<font color="

730
00:30:39,780 --> 00:30:41,670
didn't event the flushing toilet because

731
00:30:41,670 --> 00:30:44,160
no one person did and crap doesn't come

732
00:30:44,160 --> 00:30:45,900
from his name that's such a

733
00:30:45,900 --> 00:30:48,450
disappointment you know and it's a

734
00:30:48,450 --> 00:30:52,050
really old word meaning rubbish or waste

735
00:30:52,050 --> 00:30:54,120
or something you desperately want to get

736
00:30:54,120 --> 00:30:55,980
rid of<font color="

737
00:30:55,980 --> 00:30:58,440
using chamber pots and closed stools in

738
00:30:58,440 --> 00:31:00,330
different rooms of the house sometimes

739
00:31:00,330 --> 00:31:03,120
with other people present but now this

740
00:31:03,120 --> 00:31:05,820
becomes the completely solitary activity

741
00:31:05,820 --> 00:31:08,520
because merci there has always been a

742
00:31:08,520 --> 00:31:10,860
sense of privacy<font color="

743
00:31:10,860 --> 00:31:13,440
say in the Victorian age who becomes

744
00:31:13,440 --> 00:31:15,960
taboo I mean certainly didn't want to be

745
00:31:15,960 --> 00:31:17,490
seen and that was a problem with the

746
00:31:17,490 --> 00:31:20,910
early toys I went jolly noisy so quite

747
00:31:20,910 --> 00:31:23,640
often what would happen was you'd use

748
00:31:23,640 --> 00:31:25,890
the chamber<font color="

749
00:31:25,890 --> 00:31:27,480
your flushing toilet where there was

750
00:31:27,480 --> 00:31:29,180
nobody else around

751
00:31:29,180 --> 00:31:32,310
Elizabeth the first Ajax had failed to

752
00:31:32,310 --> 00:31:34,470
prevent noxious gases rising up its

753
00:31:34,470 --> 00:31:36,960
pipes and into the palace but all these

754
00:31:36,960 --> 00:31:39,360
toilets seated the great technological

755
00:31:39,360 --> 00:31:41,850
breakthrough<font color="

756
00:31:41,850 --> 00:31:44,070
pipes when flushed the curve of the

757
00:31:44,070 --> 00:31:46,740
pipes created water trap which prevented

758
00:31:46,740 --> 00:31:49,820
smells from coming back up into the room

759
00:31:49,820 --> 00:31:52,620
with this design breakthrough toilets of

760
00:31:52,620 --> 00:31:54,810
all shapes and sizes flooded the market

761
00:31:54,810 --> 00:31:57,300
determined to<font color="

762
00:31:57,300 --> 00:32:01,410
some fabulous names it seems to me that

763
00:32:01,410 --> 00:32:03,240
people are inventing new types of toilet

764
00:32:03,240 --> 00:32:04,830
every 10 minutes throughout the 19th

765
00:32:04,830 --> 00:32:06,930
century certainly 1870s

766
00:32:06,930 --> 00:32:08,430
it's like mobile phones they're going

767
00:32:08,430 --> 00:32:09,900
off in all different directions every

768
00:32:09,900 --> 00:32:12,030
<font color="

769
00:32:12,030 --> 00:32:15,750
market of making toilets but then 10 15

770
00:32:15,750 --> 00:32:18,330
years later is all settled and we have

771
00:32:18,330 --> 00:32:19,740
the British Standard toilet the toilet

772
00:32:19,740 --> 00:32:23,880
we know today as Victorian England fell

773
00:32:23,880 --> 00:32:26,100
under the spell of the flushing loo the

774
00:32:26,100 --> 00:32:28,740
sudden surge<font color="

775
00:32:28,740 --> 00:32:31,250
major public's problems

776
00:32:31,250 --> 00:32:33,770
in order to see just how big a problem

777
00:32:33,770 --> 00:32:35,750
it was I've come to the northern out

778
00:32:35,750 --> 00:32:38,929
board sewer in London until the 1840s

779
00:32:38,929 --> 00:32:41,360
your own Serge with your own problem you

780
00:32:41,360 --> 00:32:43,159
kept it in<font color="

781
00:32:43,159 --> 00:32:45,020
long to your house or you paid

782
00:32:45,020 --> 00:32:47,360
night-night romance takes away what

783
00:32:47,360 --> 00:32:48,919
happens in the 1840s is that the

784
00:32:48,919 --> 00:32:50,240
government says you've got a link up

785
00:32:50,240 --> 00:32:52,850
your water closet he's a general James

786
00:32:52,850 --> 00:32:55,610
<font color="

787
00:32:55,610 --> 00:32:57,530
good idea but it just didn't work if the

788
00:32:57,530 --> 00:32:58,880
James couldn't take it they weren't

789
00:32:58,880 --> 00:33:00,919
designed for it and literally if there's

790
00:33:00,919 --> 00:33:03,010
a storm or the surge came back up

791
00:33:03,010 --> 00:33:06,080
exploded all over<font color="

792
00:33:06,080 --> 00:33:10,940
example 1858 was the great think when

793
00:33:10,940 --> 00:33:13,250
the thames was absolutely horrific and

794
00:33:13,250 --> 00:33:15,830
everyone realized london needed new

795
00:33:15,830 --> 00:33:18,350
drains the answer for solution to the

796
00:33:18,350 --> 00:33:21,940
whole problem we can see it down there

797
00:33:21,940 --> 00:33:24,890
and that solution with the world's first

798
00:33:24,890 --> 00:33:27,409
purpose-built<font color="

799
00:33:27,409 --> 00:33:30,290
engineer Joseph passenger

800
00:33:30,290 --> 00:33:33,820
I think they could just lower me now

801
00:33:33,820 --> 00:33:38,360
like like a carpet it's like they're

802
00:33:38,360 --> 00:33:44,290
Laden over extend out the heavens or the

803
00:33:44,290 --> 00:33:47,330
<font color="

804
00:33:47,330 --> 00:33:49,100
don't marry didn't say about couple

805
00:33:49,100 --> 00:33:54,140
advil all right am i standing an actual

806
00:33:54,140 --> 00:33:56,360
tool here you are indeed yeah

807
00:33:56,360 --> 00:33:58,000
you're not actually<font color="

808
00:33:58,000 --> 00:34:03,140
they are top Alex welcome to barrel

809
00:34:03,140 --> 00:34:04,880
number three of the northern outfall sir

810
00:34:04,880 --> 00:34:06,590
I can see why people say the scissor

811
00:34:06,590 --> 00:34:08,540
like a Cathedral sister is a bitch

812
00:34:08,540 --> 00:34:13,370
she's and<font color="

813
00:34:13,370 --> 00:34:15,440
impressed as an engineer today with what

814
00:34:15,440 --> 00:34:18,350
gas injected you think he was good at

815
00:34:18,350 --> 00:34:22,909
this job she was gladion office three

816
00:34:22,909 --> 00:34:25,370
cholera epidemics as swept over london

817
00:34:25,370 --> 00:34:27,739
by the mid 1800s killing more than a

818
00:34:27,739 --> 00:34:30,199
hundred<font color="

819
00:34:30,199 --> 00:34:31,880
believed to be transmitted through bad

820
00:34:31,880 --> 00:34:34,790
air or miasma the sewers were designed

821
00:34:34,790 --> 00:34:36,830
to enclose it and London's waste

822
00:34:36,830 --> 00:34:38,929
carrying it away from the rivers for the

823
00:34:38,929 --> 00:34:42,050
first time measuring 1,300 miles and

824
00:34:42,050 --> 00:34:44,360
built in just<font color="

825
00:34:44,360 --> 00:34:46,940
feat was followed by similar schemes all

826
00:34:46,940 --> 00:34:49,070
over the land there babbled n is amazing

827
00:34:49,070 --> 00:34:53,330
stores they allowed the Morgan Barton to

828
00:34:53,330 --> 00:34:55,580
happen you couldn't have water closets

829
00:34:55,580 --> 00:34:58,340
<font color="

830
00:34:58,340 --> 00:35:01,970
transformation with the creation of the

831
00:35:01,970 --> 00:35:04,280
sewers and a citywide net worth of lead

832
00:35:04,280 --> 00:35:06,410
pipes to replace the wooden pipes as a

833
00:35:06,410 --> 00:35:08,540
past house it could now be built with a

834
00:35:08,540 --> 00:35:11,270
wonderful new feature pipes water which

835
00:35:11,270 --> 00:35:13,460
went not just to the basement but to all

836
00:35:13,460 --> 00:35:15,860
areas of<font color="

837
00:35:15,860 --> 00:35:19,270
completely new room the bathroom

838
00:35:19,270 --> 00:35:21,520
in order to see some really advanced

839
00:35:21,520 --> 00:35:23,680
Victorian plumbing I've come to this

840
00:35:23,680 --> 00:35:26,290
London house I'm being shown around by

841
00:35:26,290 --> 00:35:30,070
his curator Rina Suleiman essentially

842
00:35:30,070 --> 00:35:33,100
used by the servants and they had a what

843
00:35:33,100 --> 00:35:35,680
they called a revolving<font color="

844
00:35:35,680 --> 00:35:38,020
the pickup sink you have your wash you

845
00:35:38,020 --> 00:35:42,070
revolve it and the water rushes out and

846
00:35:42,070 --> 00:35:43,540
you can see right down the dreamer

847
00:35:43,540 --> 00:35:44,650
that's how it works

848
00:35:44,650 --> 00:35:47,680
this house was rented in the 1870s by

849
00:35:47,680 --> 00:35:50,290
the artist lynly Sanborn it came not

850
00:35:50,290 --> 00:35:52,180
only<font color="

851
00:35:52,180 --> 00:35:55,600
plumbed in bathrooms for mrs. Sanborn

852
00:35:55,600 --> 00:35:57,400
though being connected to the sewers was

853
00:35:57,400 --> 00:36:00,310
not a wander but a curse here we go so

854
00:36:00,310 --> 00:36:03,670
this is mrs. Sanborn bedroom and this is

855
00:36:03,670 --> 00:36:06,670
her own London washing station but it

856
00:36:06,670 --> 00:36:07,900
would have<font color="

857
00:36:07,900 --> 00:36:10,180
guard at the time now I've got this idea

858
00:36:10,180 --> 00:36:13,090
that she well she didn't like drains and

859
00:36:13,090 --> 00:36:14,680
having been down the sewer I can really

860
00:36:14,680 --> 00:36:16,240
understand that it was disgusting down

861
00:36:16,240 --> 00:36:18,910
there and she kept the<font color="

862
00:36:18,910 --> 00:36:21,610
she did and not only did she keep the

863
00:36:21,610 --> 00:36:23,740
tugging but she hardly ever used it she

864
00:36:23,740 --> 00:36:25,630
doesn't like that she's still using the

865
00:36:25,630 --> 00:36:27,040
old system which is all laid out here

866
00:36:27,040 --> 00:36:28,900
<font color="

867
00:36:28,900 --> 00:36:30,609
which she's still using even though

868
00:36:30,609 --> 00:36:32,950
there are three plumbed in toilets in

869
00:36:32,950 --> 00:36:34,750
this house now I don't blame her because

870
00:36:34,750 --> 00:36:36,910
it's kind of nicer in here than it is in

871
00:36:36,910 --> 00:36:40,119
the cold stony bathroom and people would

872
00:36:40,119 --> 00:36:41,800
<font color="

873
00:36:41,800 --> 00:36:45,070
bathroom which is immodest yes also

874
00:36:45,070 --> 00:36:46,359
given the costumes that they were

875
00:36:46,359 --> 00:36:47,560
wearing as well it would have been quite

876
00:36:47,560 --> 00:36:49,570
cumbersome I've myriad of skirts that

877
00:36:49,570 --> 00:36:51,430
<font color="

878
00:36:51,430 --> 00:36:53,200
pull those up you'd need to be in

879
00:36:53,200 --> 00:36:55,240
private in a big room with a chamber pot

880
00:36:55,240 --> 00:36:57,090
yeah

881
00:36:57,090 --> 00:37:00,880
and mrs. Sanborn was not alone in Dundee

882
00:37:00,880 --> 00:37:02,890
and mrs. Fowler claims to have been

883
00:37:02,890 --> 00:37:04,960
<font color="

884
00:37:04,960 --> 00:37:08,470
sink to the city's main sewer mr.

885
00:37:08,470 --> 00:37:10,990
Sanborn however had a little more faith

886
00:37:10,990 --> 00:37:15,940
in his plumbing we're in a recognizably

887
00:37:15,940 --> 00:37:18,700
modern bathroom to the first time yes

888
00:37:18,700 --> 00:37:21,430
<font color="

889
00:37:21,430 --> 00:37:24,910
DFS foot in you go mr. Sanborn had a

890
00:37:24,910 --> 00:37:26,890
cold bath here every morning that he

891
00:37:26,890 --> 00:37:29,410
didn't have hot water yet although as an

892
00:37:29,410 --> 00:37:31,360
artist keen to explore the new medium of

893
00:37:31,360 --> 00:37:33,940
photography he didn't use the bath just

894
00:37:33,940 --> 00:37:37,330
for bathing<font color="

895
00:37:37,330 --> 00:37:40,090
to house his chemical so this shelf was

896
00:37:40,090 --> 00:37:43,320
fitted Daria so when I was doing the

897
00:37:43,320 --> 00:37:45,490
photographic stuff he'd open up the

898
00:37:45,490 --> 00:37:48,610
shelf and that's all the equipment on

899
00:37:48,610 --> 00:37:51,730
here yes God looking sisters here there

900
00:37:51,730 --> 00:37:53,350
are interesting I was getting on<font color="

901
00:37:53,350 --> 00:37:55,600
Billy Photography was very key to who

902
00:37:55,600 --> 00:37:57,550
the way that he worked here asserted

903
00:37:57,550 --> 00:37:59,830
them as his pencil sketches and he would

904
00:37:59,830 --> 00:38:02,470
develop these photographs and trace them

905
00:38:02,470 --> 00:38:05,410
and do final drawings for punch a little

906
00:38:05,410 --> 00:38:07,060
bit absolutely essential that all these

907
00:38:07,060 --> 00:38:11,230
<font color="

908
00:38:11,230 --> 00:38:13,150
wife think about all of this well the

909
00:38:13,150 --> 00:38:15,070
interesting thing is mrs. King who is

910
00:38:15,070 --> 00:38:17,350
one of sanborns favorite models who came

911
00:38:17,350 --> 00:38:19,510
here and to be photographed and that's

912
00:38:19,510 --> 00:38:21,700
actually that table survives and is in

913
00:38:21,700 --> 00:38:24,460
the morning<font color="

914
00:38:24,460 --> 00:38:26,410
morning room in his own house yes did

915
00:38:26,410 --> 00:38:28,060
his wife know that mrs. King was sitting

916
00:38:28,060 --> 00:38:29,560
in the morning room was no closer well

917
00:38:29,560 --> 00:38:31,090
no well if<font color="

918
00:38:31,090 --> 00:38:33,010
Diaries in parallel for that particular

919
00:38:33,010 --> 00:38:34,870
day so she's actually holidaying in

920
00:38:34,870 --> 00:38:37,180
Ramsgate Assoc well out of the way when

921
00:38:37,180 --> 00:38:39,430
mrs. and he's given the servants the day

922
00:38:39,430 --> 00:38:44,710
off I've got a book of bathroom porn

923
00:38:44,710 --> 00:38:47,520
here it's full of new technologies

924
00:38:47,520 --> 00:38:49,450
<font color="

925
00:38:49,450 --> 00:38:55,300
between 1855 and 99 4700 people applied

926
00:38:55,300 --> 00:38:58,090
for a patent to do with some new bit of

927
00:38:58,090 --> 00:39:01,260
bathroom kit and the middle classes are

928
00:39:01,260 --> 00:39:03,340
creating bathrooms that we would

929
00:39:03,340 --> 00:39:05,260
recognize that is where it all starts in

930
00:39:05,260 --> 00:39:05,790
<font color="

931
00:39:05,790 --> 00:39:09,360
a century where as toilet technology had

932
00:39:09,360 --> 00:39:11,850
been the obsession at the 1840s now it

933
00:39:11,850 --> 00:39:13,470
was the turn of other fixtures and

934
00:39:13,470 --> 00:39:16,830
fittings there's things in this book

935
00:39:16,830 --> 00:39:19,890
like power showers<font color="

936
00:39:19,890 --> 00:39:21,930
looks just like the Rainmaker shower

937
00:39:21,930 --> 00:39:24,270
that you can get in hugely expensive

938
00:39:24,270 --> 00:39:26,310
Charles Dickens had a shower that was

939
00:39:26,310 --> 00:39:29,580
called<font color="

940
00:39:29,580 --> 00:39:31,590
all these patents revealed was that

941
00:39:31,590 --> 00:39:33,180
bathing had now become an established

942
00:39:33,180 --> 00:39:36,150
part of middle-class life theories on

943
00:39:36,150 --> 00:39:38,130
the role of miasma or bad air in

944
00:39:38,130 --> 00:39:40,530
spreading disease were finally debunked

945
00:39:40,530 --> 00:39:42,480
by the discovery of germs in the late

946
00:39:42,480 --> 00:39:43,410
19th century

947
00:39:43,410 --> 00:39:45,900
now daily bathing was no longer seen as

948
00:39:45,900 --> 00:39:48,590
a novelty but as a medical necessity

949
00:39:48,590 --> 00:39:51,420
soon even people lowered down the social

950
00:39:51,420 --> 00:39:53,610
scale began to see improvements in

951
00:39:53,610 --> 00:39:56,550
sanitation so in order to see how the

952
00:39:56,550 --> 00:39:58,710
other half lived I've come to the back

953
00:39:58,710 --> 00:40:00,930
to facts in Birmingham<font color="

954
00:40:00,930 --> 00:40:03,000
nineteenth-century workers houses built

955
00:40:03,000 --> 00:40:05,490
literally back to back where I'm being

956
00:40:05,490 --> 00:40:07,800
guided around the communal yard by local

957
00:40:07,800 --> 00:40:10,530
historian Chris cough most back-to-backs

958
00:40:10,530 --> 00:40:12,150
have them and they were usually in the

959
00:40:12,150 --> 00:40:14,100
corner of the yard

960
00:40:14,100 --> 00:40:17,850
this is 87 1970 foot woods and a

961
00:40:17,850 --> 00:40:19,740
flushing toilet flush away into the new

962
00:40:19,740 --> 00:40:21,540
sewage system from the victorian sewage

963
00:40:21,540 --> 00:40:24,720
system we've got 11 houses and only

964
00:40:24,720 --> 00:40:25,890
three previous what they would have been

965
00:40:25,890 --> 00:40:28,380
<font color="

966
00:40:28,380 --> 00:40:30,510
people showing photos 60 people were

967
00:40:30,510 --> 00:40:31,980
using these four do you think there were

968
00:40:31,980 --> 00:40:33,690
sometimes cubes out here that that could

969
00:40:33,690 --> 00:40:35,880
have been but the door was closed

970
00:40:35,880 --> 00:40:37,470
you never knew then there<font color="

971
00:40:37,470 --> 00:40:41,160
so you go and they go are mini up yeah

972
00:40:41,160 --> 00:40:43,440
so you'd have to wait and despite the

973
00:40:43,440 --> 00:40:45,180
invention of commercially manufactured

974
00:40:45,180 --> 00:40:48,630
toilet paper in 1863 users of these

975
00:40:48,630 --> 00:40:50,670
previous resorted to less expensive ways

976
00:40:50,670 --> 00:40:53,220
of wiping<font color="

977
00:40:53,220 --> 00:40:56,340
repairing some Victorian toilet paper as

978
00:40:56,340 --> 00:40:58,470
would have been used in this Victorian

979
00:40:58,470 --> 00:41:02,040
fury here at the back to back they would

980
00:41:02,040 --> 00:41:05,250
have been using waste paper newspaper

981
00:41:05,250 --> 00:41:09,150
<font color="

982
00:41:09,150 --> 00:41:11,250
get junk mail through my letterbox I

983
00:41:11,250 --> 00:41:13,320
might well describe the some bits of old

984
00:41:13,320 --> 00:41:17,100
paper thumps and that word originally

985
00:41:17,100 --> 00:41:19,380
meant some fodder you talk about waste

986
00:41:19,380 --> 00:41:19,680
pay

987
00:41:19,680 --> 00:41:21,090
at some important because you would

988
00:41:21,090 --> 00:41:25,100
literally use<font color="

989
00:41:25,580 --> 00:41:28,230
but despite the breakthrough of flushing

990
00:41:28,230 --> 00:41:29,880
toilets the back to back

991
00:41:29,880 --> 00:41:32,310
that's where bathroom technology ended

992
00:41:32,310 --> 00:41:35,190
with just one tap in the yard and little

993
00:41:35,190 --> 00:41:37,920
access to clean water instead of bathing

994
00:41:37,920 --> 00:41:39,750
the women went to enormous lengths to

995
00:41:39,750 --> 00:41:41,910
keep their<font color="

996
00:41:41,910 --> 00:41:44,670
a legacy seemingly unchanged since the

997
00:41:44,670 --> 00:41:47,430
Tudor age here we are what you call int

998
00:41:47,430 --> 00:41:49,110
is not the brew house that were anything

999
00:41:49,110 --> 00:41:49,890
down there

1000
00:41:49,890 --> 00:41:51,900
Brewis the brewers threw in the paris

1001
00:41:51,900 --> 00:41:54,270
<font color="

1002
00:41:54,270 --> 00:41:56,790
the first job of the day the single

1003
00:41:56,790 --> 00:41:58,710
Victorian copper used to heat up the

1004
00:41:58,710 --> 00:42:01,230
water was shared between all 11 houses

1005
00:42:01,230 --> 00:42:05,220
so wash day was every 11 days quite a

1006
00:42:05,220 --> 00:42:07,080
hard day for<font color="

1007
00:42:07,080 --> 00:42:10,740
really early yeah just get to sit here

1008
00:42:10,740 --> 00:42:13,040
looking at this and war we are huh no

1009
00:42:13,040 --> 00:42:15,990
lots of jobs<font color="

1010
00:42:15,990 --> 00:42:18,900
though alongside the copper the women

1011
00:42:18,900 --> 00:42:21,630
had mangles dollies and Canadian Coons

1012
00:42:21,630 --> 00:42:23,820
making the process of washing a little

1013
00:42:23,820 --> 00:42:26,040
easier than it was in cuter times so

1014
00:42:26,040 --> 00:42:28,380
this is like a pre<font color="

1015
00:42:28,380 --> 00:42:30,720
you start you pretty much right after a

1016
00:42:30,720 --> 00:42:33,390
vigorous pre-wash called a pause the

1017
00:42:33,390 --> 00:42:35,250
boiling copper was then prepared with

1018
00:42:35,250 --> 00:42:37,530
new commercially available soaps it's

1019
00:42:37,530 --> 00:42:40,200
supporting you so so much have a go I

1020
00:42:40,200 --> 00:42:42,600
would<font color="

1021
00:42:42,600 --> 00:42:47,130
yeah in 1853 someone finally decided

1022
00:42:47,130 --> 00:42:49,410
that it would be better for the hygiene

1023
00:42:49,410 --> 00:42:51,480
of the nation of soap wasn't text the

1024
00:42:51,480 --> 00:42:52,680
government actually gave a million

1025
00:42:52,680 --> 00:42:54,690
pounds of revenue as a result of that

1026
00:42:54,690 --> 00:42:57,150
decision<font color="

1027
00:42:57,150 --> 00:42:59,070
know hygiene becomes much better than

1028
00:42:59,070 --> 00:43:01,560
each other it is the age of soup after

1029
00:43:01,560 --> 00:43:03,240
William Gladstone the Chancellor of the

1030
00:43:03,240 --> 00:43:03,930
Exchequer

1031
00:43:03,930 --> 00:43:06,000
repealed soap tax for the first time

1032
00:43:06,000 --> 00:43:08,820
since 1712 so became much more readily

1033
00:43:08,820 --> 00:43:11,340
available from the Pasha pears and palm

1034
00:43:11,340 --> 00:43:13,410
olives<font color="

1035
00:43:13,410 --> 00:43:15,810
horrible smelling carbolic when people

1036
00:43:15,810 --> 00:43:17,520
wanted to have a boss did they heat up

1037
00:43:17,520 --> 00:43:19,620
the water for that in here yes well yes

1038
00:43:19,620 --> 00:43:22,980
and that would have been augmented was

1039
00:43:22,980 --> 00:43:25,020
buffeted on the stove in the house yes

1040
00:43:25,020 --> 00:43:26,700
you would use the gun kettles and sauce

1041
00:43:26,700 --> 00:43:29,310
<font color="

1042
00:43:29,310 --> 00:43:31,080
the old tin bath sometimes they were on

1043
00:43:31,080 --> 00:43:32,730
the top of the cellar head but sometimes

1044
00:43:32,730 --> 00:43:33,549
they were kept as

1045
00:43:33,549 --> 00:43:35,529
communal one that was kept within the

1046
00:43:35,529 --> 00:43:37,449
Brewers so you take that and you set up

1047
00:43:37,449 --> 00:43:39,880
in your kitchen in the warmest place in

1048
00:43:39,880 --> 00:43:41,649
that has right in front of<font color="

1049
00:43:41,649 --> 00:43:43,630
then they fill it just once for the

1050
00:43:43,630 --> 00:43:44,259
whole family

1051
00:43:44,259 --> 00:43:45,969
absolutely latex you can show you how

1052
00:43:45,969 --> 00:43:48,039
much trouble and I will absolutely so

1053
00:43:48,039 --> 00:43:49,209
you would take buckets and buckets

1054
00:43:49,209 --> 00:43:51,939
<font color="

1055
00:43:51,939 --> 00:43:54,819
you'd use the old carbolic again and dad

1056
00:43:54,819 --> 00:43:56,559
would go in probably first and it would

1057
00:43:56,559 --> 00:43:58,989
go down all the family until it got to

1058
00:43:58,989 --> 00:44:00,880
the children and you could probably get

1059
00:44:00,880 --> 00:44:03,159
two or<font color="

1060
00:44:03,159 --> 00:44:05,079
yeah the same water if you're very

1061
00:44:05,079 --> 00:44:07,239
dirtiest poor service Lester the

1062
00:44:07,239 --> 00:44:10,149
smallest maybe usually yeah yeah I mean

1063
00:44:10,149 --> 00:44:12,249
a survival of the fittest fellas yeah

1064
00:44:12,249 --> 00:44:15,130
yeah I'm the old phrase Sam's throwing

1065
00:44:15,130 --> 00:44:16,630
the baby out with the bathwater it's

1066
00:44:16,630 --> 00:44:20,969
probably good<font color="

1067
00:44:20,969 --> 00:44:23,169
private bathrooms might have been out of

1068
00:44:23,169 --> 00:44:25,599
reach for working-class people but those

1069
00:44:25,599 --> 00:44:27,489
at the upper end of society rejected

1070
00:44:27,489 --> 00:44:30,809
plumbing for entirely different reasons

1071
00:44:30,809 --> 00:44:33,369
with legions of servants to heat up

1072
00:44:33,369 --> 00:44:35,499
their hot water they simply didn't need

1073
00:44:35,499 --> 00:44:38,880
it in<font color="

1074
00:44:38,880 --> 00:44:41,199
heartbreaking story of poor little

1075
00:44:41,199 --> 00:44:42,969
housemaid fourteen years old

1076
00:44:42,969 --> 00:44:44,889
whose job it was to fill up the big

1077
00:44:44,889 --> 00:44:47,589
boiling copper in the morning 50 buckets

1078
00:44:47,589 --> 00:44:49,809
of water every day she has to pour into

1079
00:44:49,809 --> 00:44:52,869
that<font color="

1080
00:44:52,869 --> 00:44:54,669
the house maids job to prepare lady

1081
00:44:54,669 --> 00:44:57,399
Anson saw in her bedroom twice a week

1082
00:44:57,399 --> 00:44:59,559
I've always wanted to experience for

1083
00:44:59,559 --> 00:45:02,380
myself just how much hard work it was to

1084
00:45:02,380 --> 00:45:07,389
<font color="

1085
00:45:07,389 --> 00:45:10,179
already the bedroom is miles away I'm

1086
00:45:10,179 --> 00:45:12,880
wondering what I've taken on here and

1087
00:45:12,880 --> 00:45:15,099
then carry the hot water all the way out

1088
00:45:15,099 --> 00:45:17,900
there it is a bath

1089
00:45:17,900 --> 00:45:20,870
in<font color="

1090
00:45:20,870 --> 00:45:23,090
plumbing teams middle class and soldier

1091
00:45:23,090 --> 00:45:25,130
but worst of all Victorian pipes could

1092
00:45:25,130 --> 00:45:27,470
burst and wreak havoc on the fabric of

1093
00:45:27,470 --> 00:45:30,790
an 18th century mansion

1094
00:45:31,660 --> 00:45:43,919
[Music]

1095
00:45:45,730 --> 00:45:49,900
I reckon the housemaid was a lot fitter

1096
00:45:49,900 --> 00:45:52,660
than<font color="

1097
00:45:52,660 --> 00:46:03,270
[Music]

1098
00:46:03,270 --> 00:46:06,069
after 50 trips by the humble house made

1099
00:46:06,069 --> 00:46:08,079
the semi dress from mistress of the

1100
00:46:08,079 --> 00:46:10,089
house we'll get into what she would call

1101
00:46:10,089 --> 00:46:17,530
her mother's feet bath although I'm in a

1102
00:46:17,530 --> 00:46:20,079
super luxurious<font color="

1103
00:46:20,079 --> 00:46:22,869
more luxurious I'm using carbolic soap

1104
00:46:22,869 --> 00:46:26,530
I'm using a rough sponge and I'm still

1105
00:46:26,530 --> 00:46:29,970
wearing my shift I'm not sort of

1106
00:46:29,970 --> 00:46:32,140
luxuriating in the water because

1107
00:46:32,140 --> 00:46:34,210
upper-class ladies still had quite a

1108
00:46:34,210 --> 00:46:37,119
puritanical suspicious attitude towards

1109
00:46:37,119 --> 00:46:39,700
bathing it was considered degenerate<font color="

1110
00:46:39,700 --> 00:46:41,260
Lal about in the water something that

1111
00:46:41,260 --> 00:46:43,210
your husband's French mistress might do

1112
00:46:43,210 --> 00:46:44,859
rather than something a proper English

1113
00:46:44,859 --> 00:46:49,329
girl would do I read a brilliant lady's

1114
00:46:49,329 --> 00:46:52,180
hygiene manual from 1844 saying that

1115
00:46:52,180 --> 00:46:55,510
certain<font color="

1116
00:46:55,510 --> 00:46:57,130
than once a day to do so would be

1117
00:46:57,130 --> 00:46:58,359
degenerate and it would lead to

1118
00:46:58,359 --> 00:47:01,150
unfortunate consequences must never be

1119
00:47:01,150 --> 00:47:02,710
done just one

1120
00:47:02,710 --> 00:47:05,829
upper-class ladies went on bathing and

1121
00:47:05,829 --> 00:47:08,470
these rather sort of ramshackle camping

1122
00:47:08,470 --> 00:47:10,599
like conditions right into the<font color="

1123
00:47:10,599 --> 00:47:10,960
century

1124
00:47:10,960 --> 00:47:13,329
well after hot water and plumbing and

1125
00:47:13,329 --> 00:47:15,339
bathrooms were available and it's

1126
00:47:15,339 --> 00:47:17,260
hilarious when all the dollar princesses

1127
00:47:17,260 --> 00:47:19,450
the American heiresses come over to

1128
00:47:19,450 --> 00:47:21,579
marry English aristocrats in the late

1129
00:47:21,579 --> 00:47:23,470
19th and<font color="

1130
00:47:23,470 --> 00:47:24,970
they're shocked by the primitive

1131
00:47:24,970 --> 00:47:27,760
conditions they find in English country

1132
00:47:27,760 --> 00:47:32,349
houses it wouldn't be until 1910 but

1133
00:47:32,349 --> 00:47:34,180
Shugborough would finally get its first

1134
00:47:34,180 --> 00:47:36,730
bathroom in an age that would see huge

1135
00:47:36,730 --> 00:47:38,740
advances in the provision<font color="

1136
00:47:38,740 --> 00:47:42,310
to the home the first Victorian systems

1137
00:47:42,310 --> 00:47:44,619
that heated up hot water directly from

1138
00:47:44,619 --> 00:47:47,170
the kitchen range but the laying on of

1139
00:47:47,170 --> 00:47:49,599
gas in the late 19th century gave rise

1140
00:47:49,599 --> 00:47:51,579
to geezer baths which had to be lit by

1141
00:47:51,579 --> 00:47:54,099
<font color="

1142
00:47:54,099 --> 00:47:55,670
to explode

1143
00:47:55,670 --> 00:47:58,610
and finally the early 20th century saw

1144
00:47:58,610 --> 00:48:00,710
the great breakthrough the invention of

1145
00:48:00,710 --> 00:48:03,200
the high pressure circulating gas boiler

1146
00:48:03,200 --> 00:48:05,390
this was the final piece of the jigsaw

1147
00:48:05,390 --> 00:48:08,480
<font color="

1148
00:48:08,480 --> 00:48:10,250
the beginning of the 20th century they

1149
00:48:10,250 --> 00:48:11,570
looked like things were coming together

1150
00:48:11,570 --> 00:48:13,910
for the bathroom hot water was available

1151
00:48:13,910 --> 00:48:15,680
the plumbing was in place people

1152
00:48:15,680 --> 00:48:17,390
understood that it was healthy for them

1153
00:48:17,390 --> 00:48:19,040
to keep their<font color="

1154
00:48:19,040 --> 00:48:20,720
was one thing missing before people

1155
00:48:20,720 --> 00:48:24,050
could enjoy a guilt-free wallow in a hot

1156
00:48:24,050 --> 00:48:26,270
spot there needed to be a change in the

1157
00:48:26,270 --> 00:48:28,790
moral climate this only happens after

1158
00:48:28,790 --> 00:48:31,070
<font color="

1159
00:48:31,070 --> 00:48:33,050
main reasons for it the first was

1160
00:48:33,050 --> 00:48:35,240
Hollywood on the silver screen people

1161
00:48:35,240 --> 00:48:37,460
could see film stars wallowing in below

1162
00:48:37,460 --> 00:48:39,860
<font color="

1163
00:48:39,860 --> 00:48:42,050
perfectly normal and the second

1164
00:48:42,050 --> 00:48:43,940
influence was the places where film

1165
00:48:43,940 --> 00:48:47,090
stars themselves stayed in London luxury

1166
00:48:47,090 --> 00:48:50,320
hotels like this one

1167
00:48:51,120 --> 00:48:53,380
Victorian hotels were built with only

1168
00:48:53,380 --> 00:48:56,350
one bathroom for every floor but these

1169
00:48:56,350 --> 00:48:59,070
hotels had an ensuite in every room<font color="

1170
00:48:59,070 --> 00:49:01,660
so to get me ready for the glamour of

1171
00:49:01,660 --> 00:49:04,150
the 1930s bathroom I'm having a

1172
00:49:04,150 --> 00:49:06,400
Hollywood makeover with the help of all

1173
00:49:06,400 --> 00:49:10,600
the latest versus beauty products it's a

1174
00:49:10,600 --> 00:49:13,960
teeny tiny razor a rapid shampoo which

1175
00:49:13,960 --> 00:49:25,050
requires no rinsing turn into film star

1176
00:49:25,050 --> 00:49:39,750
<font color="

1177
00:49:39,750 --> 00:49:42,460
1932 it's totally different from its

1178
00:49:42,460 --> 00:49:45,310
Victorian predecessor Victorian

1179
00:49:45,310 --> 00:49:47,680
bathrooms were masculine places very

1180
00:49:47,680 --> 00:49:49,870
functional probably designed for washing

1181
00:49:49,870 --> 00:49:52,060
yourself in cold water but this is a

1182
00:49:52,060 --> 00:49:54,490
room for enjoying yourself just

1183
00:49:54,490 --> 00:49:56,530
<font color="

1184
00:49:56,530 --> 00:50:00,450
glamour brought into English society and

1185
00:50:00,450 --> 00:50:04,390
you can just imagine a film star covered

1186
00:50:04,390 --> 00:50:06,370
in bubbles sipping a cocktail maybe

1187
00:50:06,370 --> 00:50:08,770
having a smoke in there and because

1188
00:50:08,770 --> 00:50:11,140
she's got lovely Marcel waves like mine

1189
00:50:11,140 --> 00:50:13,690
<font color="

1190
00:50:13,690 --> 00:50:15,250
probably using this very cunning

1191
00:50:15,250 --> 00:50:17,620
shoulder shower look at that there's the

1192
00:50:17,620 --> 00:50:19,570
main shower and there's the shoulders

1193
00:50:19,570 --> 00:50:21,760
shallow so you can get your dude wet and

1194
00:50:21,760 --> 00:50:26,590
you can also have an office you'll hit

1195
00:50:26,590 --> 00:50:29,050
some in the<font color="

1196
00:50:29,050 --> 00:50:32,110
and the valet as well although the suite

1197
00:50:32,110 --> 00:50:34,420
is very plain white in here it's set off

1198
00:50:34,420 --> 00:50:37,180
with veined marble to show that this is

1199
00:50:37,180 --> 00:50:39,940
no ordinary bathroom clearly a place to

1200
00:50:39,940 --> 00:50:41,370
enjoy yourself

1201
00:50:41,370 --> 00:50:44,260
now that the bathroom was established as

1202
00:50:44,260 --> 00:50:47,230
a place of relaxation and luxury<font color="

1203
00:50:47,230 --> 00:50:48,670
in the private building boom of the

1204
00:50:48,670 --> 00:50:51,490
1930s that hot water bar things became

1205
00:50:51,490 --> 00:50:54,640
standard in most middle-class homes

1206
00:50:54,640 --> 00:50:57,049
so people living at the back to back

1207
00:50:57,049 --> 00:50:59,779
however it wouldn't be until way into

1208
00:50:59,779 --> 00:51:02,180
the 1950s that they too would finally

1209
00:51:02,180 --> 00:51:05,359
follow suit<font color="

1210
00:51:05,359 --> 00:51:09,049
1951 census revealed that 37 percent of

1211
00:51:09,049 --> 00:51:10,789
British households still didn't have a

1212
00:51:10,789 --> 00:51:13,849
plumbed in bath for 22 percent not even

1213
00:51:13,849 --> 00:51:16,369
having a hot tub though Britain's slums

1214
00:51:16,369 --> 00:51:18,650
were cleared<font color="

1215
00:51:18,650 --> 00:51:22,029
in new flats all with built in bathrooms

1216
00:51:22,029 --> 00:51:24,440
the friend David how'd you like a new

1217
00:51:24,440 --> 00:51:26,630
home and yes linking what you're

1218
00:51:26,630 --> 00:51:27,799
particularly liked about it

1219
00:51:27,799 --> 00:51:30,349
well we don't have<font color="

1220
00:51:30,349 --> 00:51:32,690
water now whereas in the old days we did

1221
00:51:32,690 --> 00:51:35,420
and also we have a toilet to us out

1222
00:51:35,420 --> 00:51:37,940
there whereas in the other hand you have

1223
00:51:37,940 --> 00:51:39,950
to share one lotta water across the

1224
00:51:39,950 --> 00:51:40,579
earth

1225
00:51:40,579 --> 00:51:42,769
now that bathroom technology had

1226
00:51:42,769 --> 00:51:44,900
established herself<font color="

1227
00:51:44,900 --> 00:51:46,759
change over the last 50 years has been

1228
00:51:46,759 --> 00:51:50,630
the styling in the 1960s we got jacuzzis

1229
00:51:50,630 --> 00:51:52,789
and shower chandeliers sit for the

1230
00:51:52,789 --> 00:51:56,299
sexual revolution in the 1970s James

1231
00:51:56,299 --> 00:51:58,729
Bond's age we got colored Suites and

1232
00:51:58,729 --> 00:52:01,700
<font color="

1233
00:52:01,700 --> 00:52:03,650
Victorian wash hand basin and in the

1234
00:52:03,650 --> 00:52:05,479
1980s we went right back to the

1235
00:52:05,479 --> 00:52:07,549
beginning with a lover questionable

1236
00:52:07,549 --> 00:52:10,369
Victorian revival but its rounded head

1237
00:52:10,369 --> 00:52:13,609
square foot curved lip and the<font color="

1238
00:52:13,609 --> 00:52:17,269
clawed feet no matter what technological

1239
00:52:17,269 --> 00:52:18,979
wizardry is available in the modern

1240
00:52:18,979 --> 00:52:21,259
bathroom today what we want from it

1241
00:52:21,259 --> 00:52:24,829
hasn't changed since the 1930s so I'm

1242
00:52:24,829 --> 00:52:26,930
not going to turn that gorgeous 1930s

1243
00:52:26,930 --> 00:52:29,160
bathroom down

1244
00:52:29,160 --> 00:52:31,289
the parkings had really remarkable

1245
00:52:31,289 --> 00:52:33,869
journey because 150 years ago it didn't

1246
00:52:33,869 --> 00:52:36,990
even exist it's Canton no room to one of

1247
00:52:36,990 --> 00:52:40,019
the most luxurious and pleasurable rooms

1248
00:52:40,019 --> 00:52:42,980
in the house today bathrooms are about

1249
00:52:42,980 --> 00:52:46,529
technology and gadgets everybody wants

1250
00:52:46,529 --> 00:52:49,019
their own people are converting spare

1251
00:52:49,019 --> 00:52:50,849
bedrooms<font color="

1252
00:52:50,849 --> 00:52:52,769
everybody's got ensuite and that's

1253
00:52:52,769 --> 00:52:55,529
because somehow essential to modern life

1254
00:52:55,529 --> 00:52:57,630
they're places where you withdraw from

1255
00:52:57,630 --> 00:52:59,430
the world that places where you pamper

1256
00:52:59,430 --> 00:53:01,710
yourself recover be your true self

1257
00:53:01,710 --> 00:53:03,839
without anybody watching you for once

1258
00:53:03,839 --> 00:53:06,779
and the one room in the whole house that

1259
00:53:06,779 --> 00:53:08,880
still has a lock on the door

1260
00:53:08,880 --> 00:53:16,380
keep out next time the bedroom from the

1261
00:53:16,380 --> 00:53:19,049
communal medieval hall to the glamorous

1262
00:53:19,049 --> 00:53:21,000
boudoir cilinders for you this morning

1263
00:53:21,000 --> 00:53:22,920
<font color="

1264
00:53:22,920 --> 00:53:24,690
development has affected our most

1265
00:53:24,690 --> 00:53:26,730
private moment you'll see like the

1266
00:53:26,730 --> 00:53:28,559
person in the horror film who says that

1267
00:53:28,559 --> 00:53:30,750
in there every day is holy

1268
00:53:30,750 --> 00:00:00,000
[Music]